In the past most Americans took on record levels of debt due to certain economic bubbles. Two come to mind. The first bubble I'll mention was the internet stocks bubble back in the late 90's to early 2000's. Lots of people bought or were given shares/options of these stocks and borrowed against the value to buy things they wanted. This turned to massive debt when the stocks crashed and the loans got called in and those people were wiped out.
The housing bubble encouraged people to speculate with real estate. The regulated part of the housing market (Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac) loosened standards as to which loans could be sold to the entities that were backed by the federal government. In addition to buying houses that people could not afford many people actually took on even greater debt by taking on additional loans (debt) against their houses' increasing values. Then the housing bubble crashed and the value of these assets crashed spawning the credit crisis that is stagnating today.
Leaving the politics out of it we do see a cycle that repeats itself. Americans tend to load up on debt until it is no longer sustainable and then they get wiped out. Then they start all over again.
Things seem to be changing now which is a very positive sign. Having been burned enough times by such high debts we are starting to see the savings rate start to increase and Americans are wisely trying to lower their debt obligations so they can live within their means and also have less exposure to financial problems driven by an ever weakening economy and rising unemployment. Ex: Lower expenses means being able to survive on a smaller paycheck for a while until the economy improves.
This is the sort of change that tends to cause newspaper and nightly news shows to write headlines like: "Consumer is on a Spending Strike." Americans are spending less because that is what they can afford to do until the debt mountain is addressed. This is a good thing not a bad thing. It shows that people are starting to act like responsible adults and not spoiled children when it comes to personal finance.
Some short term pain from retailers is to be expected but this will set the stage for long term sustainable growth as the personal balance sheets for individuals improve which will foster financial/economic confidence based on reality.
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